Children in Blake’s Poetry Essay -- William Blake Poetry Poets Essays

Kids in Blake’s Poetry The utilization of kids is a noticeable subject in various William Blake’s sonnets. It is clear in perusing such sonnets as, â€Å"The Lamb,† â€Å"The Little Black Boy,† and â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper,† that Blake sees the world through the eyes of a kid and grasps the honesty of the youthful. Blake’s sonnet â€Å"The Lamb,† from Songs of Innocence truly shows the honesty and virtue of a small kid. The persona in the sonnet is of a small kid. The youngster addresses the sheep regarding where he originated from and asks, â€Å"Little Lamb who made thee? /Dost thou realize who made thee?† (9,10) The kid is anticipating that the Lamb should answer him yet it is evident to the peruser that the Lamb can’t talk. At the point when the kid gets no answer, he concludes that he’ll tell the sheep where he originated from. He says, â€Å"Little Lamb, I’ll tell thee!† (12). The youngster says: He is called by thy name for he considers himself a Lamb; He is easygoing and gentle, He turned into a little youngster; I a youngster and thou a sheep, We are called by his name. (13,18) The youngster truly shows that his guiltlessness here. The Lamb is being alluded to as Jesus, the Lamb of God. The youngster is stating that that Lamb, Jesus and the kid are no different. What the kid doesn't comprehend, in light of the fact that he is a kid thus blameless, is that the Lamb will be yielded, and the kid will kick the bucket, much the same as Jesus did when He was executed. â€Å"The Little Black Boy† from Songs of Innocence is another sonnet that outlines the blamelessness of kids. The sonnet is composed from the persona of a little dark kid who has been informed that being white is better at that point being dark. The young man says: Also, I am dark, yet O! my spirit is white; White as a holy messenger is the English kid; Be that as it may, I am b... ...s guardians have gone to chapel to supplicate. The kid accuses his folks just as society for his current situation throughout everyday life and says: â€Å"And in light of the fact that I am glad, and move and sing, They think they have done me no injury, Furthermore, are gone to commend God and his Priest and King, Who make up a paradise of our misery.† (9,12) Dissimilar to â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† from Songs of Innocence, the little youngster in this sonnet understands that he is going to kick the bucket and this isn't right. He accuses God, his folks and society for letting this transpired. Blake is as yet observing the world through the eyes of a kid in this sonnet, be that as it may, he is taking a gander at it from a progressively develop or experienced perspective. A large number of William Blake’s sonnets contain pictures of kids and delineate kids as guiltless and naã ¯ve. Blake sees the world through the eyes of a kid and he shows this through his verse.

Marketing Portfolio Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

3 Steps to Acing Your Upcoming Group Interview You’ve been approached in for a board meet. Perhaps you’re threatened. Perhaps frightened. Possibly you’re not even sure you comprehend what that really involves. Whatever your degree of fear, here are three simple strides to traversing your board meet tranquilly and in one piece. Stage 1: BEFOREYou reserve the privilege to ask who will be on your board. Do this. At that point inquire about each board part as well as could be expected. You’ll have the option to make sense of a considerable amount and get ready better for what each may be generally quick to ask you. What does this specific gathering of individuals educate you regarding what the organization is attempting to assess?You can likewise ask to what extent (generally) the meeting should last. This will give you a nice sentiment for what amount to and fro conversation will be conceivable, how much space you’ll be given to pose inquiries, to what extent your answers can be, etc.Step 2: DURING Treat every individual on the board like an individual not simply one more anonymous face. This isn't an indifferent divider asking you inquiries. Every questioner on your board is another chance to make a human association and persuade that a lot more individuals in the organization what an extraordinary fit you would be.Be sure to observe everybody’s name as they are presented. Record every one if that causes you recall. When responding to questions, talk straightforwardly to the person who asked, yet then attempt to widen your answer out to cause the remainder of the board to feel remembered for the discussion.Step 3: AFTERYou’ve took in their names and put forth an attempt to interface with each board part presently thank every single one of them earnestly withâ solid eye to eye connection and a quality handshake. From that point forward, it’s the typical post-meet follow-up methodology. Be that as it may, recall that you have to keep in touch with one card to say thanks for each board part. It appears to be a torment, however it’s these little contacts that will help set you apart.The board talk with: 6 hints for previously, during, and after

Evolution of the Glass Flight Deck

Development of the Glass Flight Deck The Australian Aviation had changed altogether since the late 1990s (Kain Webb, 2003). One of the significant changes incorporates the presentation of the glass flight deck in Commercial Aviation. It has impacted the Australian Commercial Aviation fundamentally. This paper will break down the change from the standard flight instruments to the Glass Flight Deck. It will proactively examine: The fundamental cockpits; the progress to the cutting edge Glass Cockpit; and the advanced Glass Flight Deck time. By and large, this paper contends that the Glass Flight Deck has acquired a gigantic change to the flying business. The underlying period of aeronautics was lacking subsequently having barely any essential instruments (simple) as it were. Cockpits in the far off past were for the most part included constrained instruments which gave fundamental data and had basic controls just (Cockpit Design, 2012). There were lacking controls and restricted instruments in the cockpits, thusly expanding a pilots exhaustion and weight levels (Cockpit Design, 2012). Wiener and Nagel (1988) summed up that team framework structures and flight station formats have often disregarded the constraints and abilities of the human administrator. The key issue for any flight activities was the communication of the flight group with the flight deck (Analysis of pilots observing, 2001). It was hard to correspond the information as the data gave was lacking, subsequently brought about accidents. Preferably, all the instruments on the board ought to be huge and obvious for the pilots, just as simple to be worked. Consequently, ad vancing cockpits ought to be increasingly doable to use with computerized instruments with enormous screens (Cockpit Design, 2012). For instance, in lighter airplane like Cessna, the pilot can't depend totally on the instruments as it doesn't give adequate data. Moreover, in poor climate conditions like downpour and tempests, the airplane can't be flown as it is light weight and the instruments doesn't show the flight way. Nowadays, the glass planes are for the most part flown as it is bound to discover Instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) on a business flight way, consequently simple instrumentation is utilized less as often as possible (Ison, 2010). The capability of conveying all the data that a pilot may require, had been a test during the historical backdrop of avionics. As the scope of wanted data has developed, so have the size and intricacy of current airplane too, consequently extending significantly further the need to illuminate the flight group without over-burdeni ng the cockpit (Tomblin, 2014). Thusly, a few changes were consolidated into the cutting edge flight decks, improving it nearly. Developing essential flight instruments into an advanced innovation based flight deck has astoundingly affected Commercial Aviation. In any case, monstrous increment in the interest for new flight instruments came about contrarily for what the fashioners expected (Tomblin, 2014). The recently rising instruments that show the exhibition of airplane brought about high-feelings of anxiety for the pilots. For example, missed signs, confounded data, constrained recognition of issues and neglecting to perceive the correct instrument (Weiner and Nagel, 1988). The cockpits advanced after World War II when simple instruments were supplanted with Glass Panel framework (Cockpit Evolution, 2015). In brief period, the cockpits of lighter airplane began the progress to computerized instrumentation (Analysis of pilots checking, 2001). The recently prepared pilots are feeling the mechanized flight deck simpler to learn. The more current innovation empowers pilots to utilize creative modes, for examp le, auto pilots, journey, setting flight ways, crash cautioning framework, climate refreshes, arriving with the assistance of Instrument Landing Systems (ILS) that simple instrumentation doesn't offer (Impact of Glass Cockpit, 2006). Advances in the new developing flight deck has demonstrated to have numerous favorable circumstances with the goal that it will be useful for the pilots, particularly to the transportation business. Notwithstanding it, the security concerns have been decreased (Impact of Glass Cockpit, 2006). The utilization of the simple instrumentation is simple and straightforward for the forthcoming pilots to utilize, yet there are a few issues which should be settled. In this way, the cutting edge Glass Flight Deck idea created and end up being going towards its prosperity. The Glass Flight Deck idea which was as of late began, gives a pilot improved wellbeing when contrasted with simple, and are simpler to deal with also. They are progressively computerized, increasingly precise and the mix of the controls are better than in customary simple frameworks (The Glass Cockpit Advantage, 2012). Most pilots nowadays are prepared on the new airplane which has the Glass Flight Deck which makes flying easy and agreeable to utilize (Newman, 2014). The Glass Flight Deck gives propelled highlights like Traffic Collision Awareness System (TCAS) which is a short impact ready framework, Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) and refreshed data about climate (Glass cockpits in General Aviation, 2011). For example, the new Boeing 787 Dreamliner is consolidated with the new computerized Glass Panel, and has numerous imaginative highlights that permits a pilot to make the most of their flying experience. What's more, it has demonstrated that the aircrafts set aside cash w hile keeping up the intensity with the 777 (Innovative 787 flight deck, 2012). The recently introduced innovation enables the pilot to feel increasingly great in flying taking favorable circumstances of the creative highlights introduced in the deck (Innovative 787 flight deck, 2012). The advanced robotized instrumentation isn't just simpler to fly yet in addition merges precise data from numerous sources. For example, the glass board shows the flight way on an effortlessly understood guide and a lot more highlights (Sweet, 2002). Different favorable circumstances of Glass Flight Deck are: The exactness of a computerized instrumentation is a lot higher when contrasted with the simple, and are exceptionally simple to peruse (What are the points of interest and drawbacks of simple and advanced instrumentation?, 2017). The Glass Flight Deck utilizes shading plans which can help with forewarning the team if there is a danger (Cockpit Design, 2012). The center hues utilized in the cockpi t are green (typical), golden (alert) and red (alarm or crisis). The Flight Deck has controls which are anything but difficult to reach and in a spot where it is recognizable. (Cockpit Design, 2012). In Conclusion, this paper has efficiently assessed the change of the flight deck into the advanced world. The Aviation business has advanced with expanded pattern in innovation. It has proactively talked about the advancement into the Glass Flight Deck. It has passed on the circumstance before the change, the time of progress, and the impact of it after the change has happened. Consequently, it has demonstrated that the Glass Flight Deck idea has rolled out a critical improvement in Commercial Aviation. Reference List Investigation of pilots checking and execution. (2001). Recovered March 23, 2017, from http://picma.org.uk/locales/default/records/Documents/Background/Boeing%20Academic%202001%20Pilot%20Automation%20monitoring.pdf Cockpit Design and Human Factors. (2012). Recovered from March 19, 2017, from http://aviationknowledge.wikidot.com/aviation:cockpit-plan and-human-factors Cockpit Evolution from the earliest starting point to introduce. (2015). Recovered from walk 15, 2017 from: https://firstaerosquadron.com/2015/09/23/cockpit-advancement from the earliest starting point to-introduce/ Glass cockpits in General Aviation. (2011). Recovered March 15, 2017, from http://aviationknowledge.wikidot.com/aviation:glass-cockpits when all is said in done flight Effect of Glass Cockpit Experience. (2006). Recovered March 19, 2017, from http://commons.erau.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1501context=jaaer Inventive 787 flight deck. (2012). Recovered March 27, 2017, from http://www.boeing.com/business/aeromagazine/articles/2012_q1/3/ Ison, D. (2010). Plane and Pilot. Recovered from: http://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/is-glass-more secure/#.WNjDOsB942w Kain, J. Webb, R. (2003). Fierce Times: Australian Airline Industry Issues 2003, Australian Parliamentary. Recovered from: http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/bars/rp/rp0203/03RP10 Newman, D. (2014). Colleges to Probe Glass versus Analog Cockpits. Recovered from: http://www.australianflying.com.au/news/colleges to-test glass-versus simple cockpits Recovered from: https://www.quora.com/Why-arent-there-still-simple instruments-in-carrier cockpits Sweet, W. The glass cockpit flight deck mechanization. IEEE Spectrum, 32(9), 0018-9235. doi:10.1109/6.406460 The Glass Cockpit Advantage. (2012). Recovered from March 13, 2017 from http://blog.covingtonaircraft.com/2012/11/14/the-glass-cockpit-advantage/ Tomblin, P. (2014). Why arent there still simple instruments in carrier cockpits? Wiener, E.L., Nagel, D.C. (1988). Human Factors in Aviation. London, United Kingdom: Academic Press.

Poland essays

Poland papers In this centrury it appears that Poland has arrived in a round trip. It began as a normal European nation and eneded up as the equivalent: a nation with a solid acconomy, stable social structure, and suitable government. The most fascinating piece of history isn't the parts that are portrayed that way. It is the equivalent with Poland: the most intriguing chronicled occasions have tossed the nation into disturbance, even into war. They have, as a nation, needed to perceive such issues as bigotry and out of line bias dependent on trust and ethnicity. They have additionally needed to defeat being vanquished, a few changes in government, and political change. Simultaneously, the individuals have needed to change their ideological practices, if not change their convictions. Here and there they grasped thoughts and frameworks fortunately and happily. Different occasions they must be constrained. Such occasions as those could be lamentable or celebratory and, on ocassion, they were both. Generally, Poland has been a region of contention in view of its level landscape and the need it has of characteristic fringes on the northern European outskirt. To be sure, the historical backdrop of Poland is one of the most engrassing national narratives this century. The individuals mirror this in their aggregate personality. They have recouped from annihilation and war to turn into an extremely durable gathering of individuals, both politaically and ethnically. We ought to hail them for their spectacular endeavors to recoup and stay a solid country. My report is about Poland, the nation today. I will expound on their financial victories and shortcomings and their qualities in numerous different regions also. Actually, I am pleased with their exertion and I think about this report as a tribute to the Polish individuals perseverence. Poland is a country of numerous countenances, with for the most part Polish individuals, there are additionally a not very many German, Ukranian, and Byelorussian in habitation. 95 percent of the individuals (and about  ¾ of those individuals are rehearsing) are Roman Catholic. Little minorities of Ea... <! Poland papers Poland is perhaps the biggest nation in Central Europe.Poland can be partitioned extensively into three districts the marsh, the good countries, and the mountains. Poland was shaped by the of Ice Age glaciers.Its land region complete 312, 677 sqaure miles. The good ways from the east toward the west is 680 km. The southern piece of the nation is loaded up with moutains and slopes. From the north tot the south is 790 km. Moutain that outskirt Poland are Sudeten Mountains in the Southwest, Carpathian Mountains in the southeast and the waterways are Odra and Neisse in the west. The Bug waterway is on the east.The Balitic Sea encompasses the nation in the upper east. Thereare no extremely enormous lakes in Poland. The longest stream is the Vistula . It ascends in the Beskids and streams for 664 miles. The atmosphere in January all pieces of the nation avereage temperature are underneath frezzing point. In the western part os Poland the fringe territories are somewhat hotter in the winter than the east. The late spring temperature are commonly moderate. In Warsaw, Poland, their normal temperature in January are 26.6 degress F and July avereage is 65.5 degrees F. A few zones in the northern and focal Poland have sandy soil. It is blended in places with mud. The best soil is found in the south. Polands primary mineral is coal. For the most part coal is found in the Upper Silesia. That is in the southwestern piece of the nation. Poland has some of he most extravagant coal holds in Europe. They additionally have sulfur, cooper, zinc, lead, and aluminum. ... <!

Shelly, Mary Frankenstein Lack Of Verisimilitude Essays (315 words)

Shelly, Mary: Frankenstein: Lack Of Verisimilitude Period 3 Frankenstein In Mary Shelly's tale Frankenstein, one must utilize their creative mind so as to accept the story line. All through the novel there are numerous evident irregularities alongside difficulties. This can be known as a absence of verisimilitude, which implies that the plot of the story isn't exactly credible. A case of the absence of verisimilitude in the novel is the manner by which the animal sprung up and was in a flash equipped for living independent. Things like strolling are gained, however in a flash when the beast became animated he left. Another model is the manner by which the beast found the whereabouts of his maker from a bit of paper in a pocket. From this bit of paper he had the option to discover him. The beast additionally begins talking fluidly and figures out how to peruse in a brief timeframe just from viewing the De Lacey's through an opening in their lodge. The beast gets things that even an informed man wouldn't, and considers things moreover. Like how he surrounded Justine for the homicide of William by setting the memento in her pocket while she rested. Than there are likewise numerous fortuitous events that are just an excessive amount to accept. The way that Victor himself is blamed for the murder of Henry Clerval for one. Another is the manner by which the beast figures out how to be in the ideal spot at the ideal time constantly. Taking everything into account, the absence of verisimilitude in the novel doesn't make Mary Shelly any to a lesser degree a splendid author for her timeframe. Since the composing of her novel there have been numerous different books and motion pictures utilizing her extraordinary plot, which was one of the primary sci-fi books of that time. We additionally should understand that the films we observe today have even less verisimilitude than Shelly's tale we despite everything oblige it.

The Importance of Writing Essays With SAT Samples

The Importance of Writing Essays With SAT SamplesFor those who want to find out more about composing and sending out essays using SAT samples, a sample essay is essential. SAT question papers and other essay topics are usually offered at a certain college, yet students who wish to get an idea of what the college is all about have to choose one from a range of samples that they can send to them. Those who wish to go on to higher education should therefore make sure that they research the various options and methods of writing these essays well.One reason why students often look for essay samples in the school library is because this is where these samples are first offered. However, even though they are printed, the final product should be customized, most especially when it comes to using SAT samples. Even though these samples do not have the same quality as the original version, it still helps students to think out their own question. They can, for example, use the sentence as an ex ample in case they get the sample in a different language.The only way that people could write their own SAT samples is by means of a step-by-step guide that they have to follow. This is the reason why they should always look up samples online before getting started. If students are able to get some samples in their hands, they will then be able to write their own with ease. Those who have a lot of time would just purchase the first edition of the test without doing much before the exam, and if they got that first copy, they would easily figure out how to do the real thing.This is, however, not a good decision for students who have not paid attention. Most people would end up wasting a lot of time and money on the test because they don't know the rules or principles behind the writing. Plus, it is still a very important document for people to know, especially if they would want to pursue higher education. This is why these types of tests are often given to students in order to teach them how to write these types of essays.In fact, as long as these essays were not standardized, high school students would still have to use them in different situations. It is because there are various questions and theses that they have to answer on these SAT questions. With proper guidance and practice, these essays could be easily copied and delivered through emails, faxes or other means.Since the writing process is the same when it comes to SAT, students would also be able to utilize the guides that are offered by many websites. Many websites will offer sample essays that will be useful to a large number of people.In essence, it should be noted that SAT samples have been used since the test was first introduced. Through the use of these samples, students would be able to learn about the style of writing that they should use and why.

Educating Children with Autism Term Paper - 1375 Words

Educating Children with Autism (Term Paper Sample) Content: Educating Children with Autism[Name of the Writer][Name of the Institution] Educating Children with AutismIntroductionThe mental disorders known as autistic spectrum can be present in early developmental age of human. These disorders affect the human behavior including abilities to communicate feelings, ideas or imagination, social interaction, and establishing relationships with other people (Lord, Cook, Leventhal, Amaral, 2013). Autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) reflect on the operation of various factors developing in the brain though accurate mechanisms of neurobiology that have not been established so far (Riva, Bulgheroni Zappella, 2013).These disorders have everlasting effects on the factor that how a child learns to become a social being (Gliga, Elsabbagh, Hudry, Charman Johnson, 2012). They also affect the other similar behavior of children such as how to take care of themselves, as well as how to take part in various activities held in the community. In several cases, when ASD occurs the individual has to suffer from some other disorders such as language disorder and mental retardation (Baio, 2012). Therefore, educational planning should address the needs that are connected to autistic disorders, as well as the needs that are connected with additional disabilities.Autistic Spectrum Disorders impact on the future life of children. Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders may lack appropriate human behavior such as abilities to communicate their feelings, ideas or imagination, social interaction, and establishing relationships with other people (Cappe, Wolff, Bobet, Adrien, 2011). This study aims to shed light on educating the children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders. It is very common question raised by parent whether medication to treat the symptoms of ASD is more effective or educating children and their full inclusion. From this perspective, it is very important to describe the effectiveness of full inclusion, as well as to d escribe the advantages of educating children on the spectrum to treat the children with ASD (Reichow, 2012).There are various ways can be helpful to overcome the challenges of children with ASD. Nevertheless, it is very important that parents should make sure the support they need. Although there are various approaches to treat the children with ASD such as medications and providing the children with appropriate education concerning to the disorder, but medications used for the treatment of ASDs are considered not to be appropriate to treat or cure the symptoms of ASDs (Wing, 2013). This is particularly because this approach does not affect all children in an equal manner. Therefore, seeking help from health care professional, particularly who has wide experience for the treatment of children with ASD is considered an appropriate step taken by parents. It is a fact that health care professional put more emphasis on the inclusion of such children, rather than medication.Literature Re viewInclusion of Children with Autism The term Inclusion is coined to support the philosophical argument in which children with physical, mental, or emotional handicaps are permitted to be engaged in education within the mainstream of public education. Bowker, DAngelo, Hicks and Wells (2011) describe various treatments for the children with autism. In their work, they point out though there are various treatments for autism, but inclusion is more acceptable. From this perspective, the only need is perceptions of change and parental choices that mainly affect the whole life of their children. Nevertheless, inclusion has various degrees such as full inclusion and partially inclusion. Inclusion supports the argument that the separation of children with ASDs is not an appropriate treatment for those children. On the other hand, supporters of full inclusion argue that children with ASDs should be integrated into regular education classrooms at all times (Ferraioli, Harris, 2011).Autism Spectrum Disorder and Its TreatmentStudies reveal that medications are not the perfect ways to treat the symptoms of ASDs found among children. Nevertheless, there are some medications prescribed to reduce the symptoms of ASDs and help the children with ASD to function better. A few of those functions may include managing high energy level, managing ability to focus, managing depression, and managing seizures (McPheeters et al. 2011). It would not be wrong to state that medications do not affect all children in an equal manner. Some children need intense care, while some children can be cured merely with the minimum efforts of their parents, as well as teachers.Early Intervention ServicesResearch reveals that the Early Intervention Treatment Services (EITS) have a noteworthy impact on the treatment of children with ASD as they significantly improve the development of children. From this perspective, EITS help children, particularly those aged between 0 and 3 years, to learn various important skills such as talking, walking, and interacting with other people (Warren et al. 2011). For this purpose, they must be kept in the ordinary school, rather than any special or boarding schools.Educating Children on ASDsKirk, Gallagher, Coleman and Anastasiow (2011) point out educating children with ASDs is an effectual treatment, as this form of treatment has no negative reaction, rather than, it results much better than other form of treatment i.e. separation. In this regard, the major question arises that who should be educated whether parents of children. Carbone, Behl, Azor Murphy (2010) describe, Parents perceived that physicians did not act early upon their concerns about development, and that care is less comprehensive, coordinated and family-centered than desired (p, 2). Therefore, educating both parents and directly children has the equal importance to treat or cure the symptoms of ASDs (Barton Harn, 2014). In the same way, Education of All Handicapped Children Act accepted the education of children with ASDs as the responsibility of public in 1975 (Allen Cowdery, 2014).Goals for Educational Services There are various aims and objectives behind educating children on ASDs. Some of these aims may include societal expectations and desires about the factor that educating all children on ASDs will bring positive impact on the reduction of ASDs cases. The second aim behind the notion of educating children is the widespread assumption that it is important, as well as possible to teach children with ASDs (Rattaz et al. 2014). With the widespread of education, there can be more opportunities concerning to the acquisition of skills and knowledge, which support social responsibility, as well as personal independence. It is a fact that children without ASDs learn various behaviors without special pedagogical methods, while children with ASDs may need to be taught in specially organized system. For example, a preschool child with ASD can learn to coun t backward, but cannot learn to call his mother at the end of the day until taught specially. Eldevik, Hastings, Jahr and Hughes (2012) conclude that children with ASDs can better prosper in mainstream school settings. In the same way, a student of high school with ASD can learn the computer skills but unable to decide when to wash his or her hair. From these perspectives, the goals of educating the children with ASD are to make them independent and socially responsible (Constantino, 2011).Inclusion of Students/Children with ASDsTeaching children with ASDs how to understand specific feelings and how to form relationship is considered very important as the academic learning concerning to the potential of such children. From this perspective, both teachers and parents should be equally responsible for the teaching factor of the children with ASDs. It would not be wrong to state that a large number of professionals deny believing in enough attention that should be given to the children with ASDs (Hall, 2012). Figure 1 reveals that children with ASDs should be given more and constant attention. INCLUDEPICTURE "/files/static/slideshow/reference/AutismLearn/autism-learn-refocus_350x440.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET 
Figure: (Refocus and Repeat)Source: (education.com) Many children with ASDs can be taught in the setting of mainstream named as inclusion (Randi, Newman Grigorenko, 2010). Therefore, they need special concentration of their teachers in schools and special concentration of their parents in homes. It would not be wrong to state that careful evaluation and examination of each child with ASD, accessibility of flexibility, creativity, and excellent communication with teachers or parents, and availability of a wide range of supports are the most important ingredients for the success of such children (Buie et al. 2010). On the other hand, to treat or cure of those children can have various disadvantages such as reaction of medications, various other side effects of the medications, etc. Conclusion In the light of data collected from various sources, it would not be difficult to conclude that the effects of medication while treating the children with ASDs can bring negative impact. Since the findings of this paper have revealed that medications for the treatment of ASD is less or not beneficial, it would not be wrong to state that this approach to treat or cure the symptoms of ASD is not or less advantageous than educating children on the spectrum. In this regard, inclusion of children with ASDs is equally considered to be the best approach to treating such children. The separation of children with ASDs is not an appropriate treatment for such children, rather than they should be provided with mainstream educational...

Essay on Operation Management - 1445 Words

Wolf Motors Case Study 1. What recommendations would you make to John Wolf with respect to structuring the supplier relationship process for the Wolf Motors dealership network? The recommendations I would suggest for structuring the supplier relationship process for the Wolf Motors dealership network are Wolf Motors should consider a centralized corporate level Materials Management System to consolidate buying decisions for each of the 4 dealerships. This would facilitate greater leveraging with suppliers for consistent quality-control. They should study, calculate and make effective decisions on the materials that should be brought for each of the four dealerships instead of allowing each dealer to do it on their own. An automated†¦show more content†¦Wolf has to work with the distributor to identify and select only those brands or products that meet the quality standards which they have set. An objective would be to reduce the number of suppliers in the purchasing process by identifying a single source distributor for as many supply and product acquisitions as possible. The number of transactions could also be minimized so that it would be helpfu l in maintaining the desired inventory levels allowing the Wolf to realize the additional cost savings. Lubricants can be available at many places outside the company for the less cost but whereas the GM parts can be get only from the company and therefore the feasibility is less for GM parts where the lubricants can be got from various suppliers that to for a very less cost. 3. How can supply chain design and integration help John Wolf reduce investment and space requirements while maintaining adequate service levels? Using Supply-Chain Management to reduce space and investment requirements while maintaining adequate service levels is that when an effective supply-chain management, Wolf Motors can streamline the acquisition processes and maintain efficient inventory control while reducing unnecessary inventory warehousing. Wolf Motors could analyze the historical inventory turnover rates to diagnose the appropriate range of supplies that should be on hand in each and every category. WolfShow MoreRelatedOperations Management : Operation Management1355 Words   |  6 PagesOperations Management Introduction Operations management is the activity of managing the resources that create and deliver services and products. The operations function is the part of the organization that is responsible for this activity. Every organization has an operations function because every organization creates some type of services and/or products. However, not all types of organization will necessarily call the operations function by this name. Operations managers are the people who haveRead MoreOperation Management - Cadburyworld2493 Words   |  10 Pagestechnology to streamline the operation process) and facility costs (old and outdated facilities) at lowest possible. In return, they have to compromise low costs with their other objectives. The unskilled staffs and outdated facilities are compromised with the quality in the core process. For example, the brief video (facility) in the packaging plant is outdated and requires commentary notes from some guides. However, the unskilled guides are not familiar with the operations so they need to read fromRead MoreOperation Management And Operations Management2148 Words   |  9 PagesOperation management Introduction Being an operations manager is not an easy task, it involves good control and responsibilities for the major activities within the organisations in order to achieve goals that might be in form of services or in form of goods. The operation management roles may be different from business to business depending on the size and resources available, each organisation has its own operations functions, and in order to produces goods or services they have to convert theRead MoreImportance Of Production And Operations Management2317 Words   |  10 Pagesthe production and operation of enterprises. In order to remain competitive, companies in different countries have different factors of competitive advantage. A clear competitive advantage is the key to gain success in production and operation management. An effective operations management is the foundation of enterprise competitive advantage and the fundamental guarantee to realize corporate strategy. This essay deals with the importance of production and operations management in the enterprise,Read MoreOperations Management : Operation Management Essay2171 Words   |  9 PagesOperation Management Operations administration concentrates on precisely dealing with the procedures to create and circulate items and administrations. Operations administration is the procedure, which joins and changes different assets utilized as a part of the creation/operations subsystem of the association into quality included item/benefits in a controlled way according to the arrangements of the association. In this way, it is that part of an association, which is worried with the changeRead MoreOperation Management2751 Words   |  12 PagesTABLE OF CONTENTS 1. OPERATION MANAGEMENT 3 1.1. DEFINITION OF OPERATION MANAGEMENT 3 1.2. THE ROLE OF OPERATION MANAGER 3 1.3. RELATIONSHIP OF OPERATION MANAGEMENT WITH OTHER CORE FUNCTIONS 3 2. CASE STUDIES 3 2.1. HEATHROW INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 3 2.2. NESTLÉ UK CHOCOLATE FACTORY 3 3. MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS OF THE STUDY 3 4. CONCLUSIONS 3 REFERENCES 3 1. Operation Management For the success of an organization, the management crew plays a major role. An organizational structure is based on differentRead MoreOperations Management986 Words   |  4 PagesOPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Select two organisations that you are familiar with – one with a service output and one with a product output, and compare and contrast these organisations with respect to the following aspects: 1.1 The process of transformation of inputs to outputs 1.2 Process and Capacity design 1.3 Supply Chain management 1.4 Scheduling Operations Management refers to the management of the production system that transforms inputs into finished goods and services, (http://csuponomaRead MoreOperation Management2436 Words   |  10 PagesOPERATION MANAGEMENT IS IMPORTANT TO ALL BUSINESS To be able produce specialized managers capable of fulfilling strategic tasks within business and government enterprises the need for the practice of operations management cannot be forgone. Operations management is very significant in business operations since it forms the heart of the organisation by controlling the system of operation. Operations management deals with the design, operation, and enhancement of the systems that generate and deliverRead MoreOperations Management Chapter 18 Manual1950 Words   |  8 PagesChApter 18 Management of Waiting Lines Teaching Notes Some of the math and calculations can be left out in order to focus more clearly on the concepts of waiting lines. For example, all infinite source problems, including single channel (except constant service time) can be handled using the infinite source queuing table. In the past, queuing presented students with a good bit of computational requirements, and because of that, students frequently lost sight of the underlying concepts. WithRead MoreOperations Management1791 Words   |  8 PagesQUESTION 1 Operations management must be managed properly in order to improve an organization’s productivity and profitability. In the Cadbury World case, several micro and macro processes are involved and those processes bring some impacts to Cadbury World. Thus, Cadbury World must possess a sustainable micro and macro processes to achieve the best outcome and performance. Micro processes that involved are easily to manage compared to macro processes because macro processes are hard to manage

Letter Of Apology And Apology Essay - 2233 Words

Picture it: June 6, 2011 a warm Texas summer evening and I, a uniformed patrolled officer, have arrived to work to start a twelve-hour shift when I find a sealed letter by the County Prosecutor in my mail box. I am certain that it is not a subpoena as those are never sealed and always hand delivered but imagine my surprise when I read what the County Attorney has sent. I find a letter of explanation from him and an apology from a juvenile that I had pursued in a foot chase earlier that year. The County Attorney explains that he cannot discuss the prosecution of a juvenile but that the juvenile in question has taken responsibility for his actions and as such has included a letter of apology composed by the juvenile. The following page dated April 15, 2011 reveals that this juvenile, Efrain, has indeed enclosed a letter of apology for running from the police and states his actions were wrong and that he wanted to apologize for those actions and furthermore, he expressed his desire to c omplete high school and stay out of trouble. When this paper was first assigned, I thought about Efrain and how he was not that remarkable nor was his crime. However, Efrain’s letter of apology, whether required by the terms of his probation or the result of his own sheer desire, was the only one I have ever received from a juvenile offender and as such, it stayed with me. I have the honor and privilege of serving a good community but I have now been employed long enough that the adults that IShow MoreRelatedLetter Apology Letter Of Apology1504 Words   |  7 PagesDear: Dr. Patterson, I hope this letter finds you well and that you are prospering and in good health. First, let me express my appreciation for your letter of apology concerning the twitter post by the preaching professors at Southwestern Seminary. I saw the post and was more disheartened more than I was upset or angry. I chose to wait awhile, gather my thoughts, and let things die down a little before I responded. I know that the post has gone viral and we have received harsh criticism whichRead MoreThe Apology : Letters From A Terrorist919 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Middle East serving our country as a U.S. Soldier in our military and how the U.S. military and the Iraqi police mistreated its prisoners who were in the custody of the Iraqi police and the United States army. Laura Blumenfeld essay â€Å"The Apology: Letters from a Terrorist† was about Blumenfield getting to know a convicted terrorist and trying to understand the terrorist motives and why the terrorist chose to shoot Blumenfield father. Both of these essays demonstrate the positive and negative aspectsRead MoreThe Letter Apology Of The Stolen Generations By Kevin Rudd3036 Words   |  13 PagesThe 2008 apology to the Stolen Generations by Kevin Rudd is historically significant for a number of reasons (Creative Spirits, 2014). Some felt it provided closure to a painful and traumatic part of Indigenous history while others fail to see how the apology has in the years after proven to change the circumstances of Indigenous peoples. Impacts in areas such as health, education, economic opportunity and involvement in child protection and/or the criminal justice system are all areas which shouldRead MoreBusiness-to-Business Messages1637 Words   |  7 Pagessignificance and characteristics of the messages and the behavior of parties involved in the process (Robbins, Judge, Sanghi, 2007). The most common forms of business-to-business messages include; appreciation letters, inquiry letters, acknowledgement letters, letters of recommendations, apology letters, contracts, purchase orders, delivery notices, etc. Each of these business messages has a separate communication process which is largely affected by the purpose, environment, technology, noise, and feedbackRead MoreThemes Of Atonement971 Words   |  4 Pagesclear, the reader does not know what the apology or reparation is for. The reader only gradua lly discovers the purpose of the title through many events and through repetition and point of view. Throughout the novel, there are many themes that are portrayed and developed: guilt, water, sexual desire, etc. However, none are shown and are more actively represented than that of an atonement; an apology for wrong doings†¦ a reparation. Though there are many apologies present throughout the work, there areRead MoreMachete Season1360 Words   |  6 Pagesthose interviewed admit their guilt in killing the Tutsis, their lack of remorse makes  their apologies and actions largely  unforgivable. This insincerity can be seen through their selfish concerns and motives, emphasis on receiving forgiveness from God rather than those victimized, and vision of a return to a completely unaffected future. Prior to assessing the sincerity of their regret and apologies, we must see to what extent they believe themselves to being responsible. These men cite severalRead MoreWe Need A People Of Color ( Poc ) Room1690 Words   |  7 Pagesprofessors come to the school to talk about issues Mental health, etc. We need a letter of acknowledgement: It is not a new radical idea for students to protest the different problems happening within the school environment, this has been going for quite sometime and students have gained the courage through anger and frustration to shed light on these problems more and more everyday. We demand that there be a written letter of acknowledgement that the school knows there are problems and that it is aRead MoreA Story Of A Trip To The Ziggurat 1074 Words   |  5 Pagesto regain his trust. I decide that I will write an apology letter to him and deliver it myself. The next day I spent all morning writing my letter. I explained how sorry I was and how I would do anything to regain our friendship. I even signed it with my cylinder seal. A cylinder seal is a cylinder made of metal or stone that is used to print a signature on a cuneiform tablet. My father and I then walked to the ziggurat to give the priest my letter. When we arrived we saw the priest talking to a manRead MoreThe Great Thinkers Like Socrates And Martin Luther King1229 Words   |  5 Pagesfor the society, Similar to Socrates, Martin Luther King advances his community by letting his people to seek more knowledge about just and unjust laws. In his letter from Birmingham jail, King says â€Å"How can you advocate breaking some laws and obeying others? The answer lies in the fact that there are two types of laws: just and unjust† (Letter from Birmingham Jail, 611). Socrates was on trial because he broke some laws that he does not believe in and yet was willing to die by those same laws. MartinRead MoreEssay on Japanese Comfort Women1011 Words   |  5 PagesImperial Military trampled on their rights, some Japanese officials claim that Japan did not intrude the girls in the past. Regardless of irresponsible reactions from some governors, the Japanese government should give compensations and thorough apologies to former sex slaves who were enslaved as being â€Å"comfort women† during WWII because of relationships between Japan and other damaged nations, former sex slave and women’s continuous fight for their rights, and possible repetition of this big mistake

The Woman Trapped Behind The Yellow Wall Of Freedom

â€Å"The Woman Trapped Behind the Yellow Wall of Freedom† â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a short story written by Charlotte Perkin’s Gilman. This story portrays the feminist point of view on how women are mistreated. The main character is the wife in the story, and she is supposedly mentally ill. Therefore, her husband makes her move to a new house. The new house has a room with barred windows and yellow wallpaper, which becomes the room the wife stays in. The yellow wallpaper in the room has a certain shape trapped behind the wall, the shape of a woman. The wife spends the majority of the story trying to get the woman out from behind the wallpaper where she is trapped. The woman that she thinks is trapped behind the wallpaper is symbolizing how†¦show more content†¦When Gilman says that it is a constant irritant to the modern mind, she is saying how people see it as a nuisance. Yet, it is a clear problem that can be easily fixed, if people realize they are confined beneath the wall of equality. What the main charact er is seeing is her own reflection, how she is trapped by the walls that surround her life that keep her from freedom. Next, the main character, or the wife, understands that she is not like most people in society. She is more of an outcast. Society thinks that she has an erotic behavior, and once she realizes, she does nothing to try to fix the problem. This is evident when in Johnson’s summary, of the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† it says, â€Å"we might view her behavior as an expression of long-suppressed rage: rage which causes a temporary breakdown†¦ but which represents a prelude to psychic regeneration† (Johnson 2). This also stated when Gilman writes about how the wife views her psychological problems in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, â€Å"I sometimes fancy that in my condition if I had less opposition and more society and stimulus†¦ it always makes me feel bad†¦ so I will let alone† (Gilman 468). When Gilman talks about how she is an opposition to society and a stimulus, it is a metaphor to describe how women are mentally not as strong as men in society. The rage that she has built up is because everyone is telling her that she is different than others, when in reality she is no different than anyone else. She has tried to makeShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis Of The Yellow Wallpaper1512 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1892, Charlotte Perkins Gilman published the story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†; a short story that addresses the sensitive topic of inequality between men and women during the nineteenth century. The courageous feminist discusses an issue that many were afraid to talk about, the inhumane treatment of women diagnosed with hysteria. She was the voice for the helpless women who didn’t know how to speak up during this revolting oppression. Gilman created the striking novel by using powerful images toRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper Essay1453 Words   |  6 PagesThe Yellow Wallpaper is a story that exemplifies the common belief during the 1800’s. During then women were never held accountable for any duties other than being house bidden due to the weakness of handling stress. In the 1800s society was known to look past women who did anything besides house chores and raising children. Majority of women were then meant to be housewives and mothers and seen as the trophy wife and nothing more. It was extremely uncommon for the average women to want to furtherRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1472 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman in 1892, is a great example of early works pertaining to feminism and the disease of insanity. Charlotte Gilman’s own struggles as a woman, mother, and wife shine through in this short story capturing the haunting realism of a mental breakdown.The main character, much like Gilman herself, slips into bouts of depression after the birth of her child and is prescribed a ‘rest cure’ to relieve the young woman of her suffering. Any use of theRead MoreT he Yellow Wall Paper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman951 Words   |  4 Pagesnarrator, who is never fully introduced, narrates the story of â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper†, written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, in the form of a diary/journal. Confined in a mansion to treat her mental illness of depression the narrator becomes obsessed with the ugly yellow wallpaper that covers the walls of her room. Ultimately, I presume that the wallpaper itself represents her relationship that she has with her husband, while the women behind the wallpaper represents herself; which go hand-in-hand. As statedRead MoreThe Yellow Wall Paper By Charlotte Gilman1518 Words   |  7 PagesPerkins (Stetson) Gilman is certainly the most noticeable name in American Literature in late nineteenth century. In her remarkable writing, she uses symbolisms as a dominant instrument for fighting inequality and oppression in men’s world. The Yellow Wall-Paper as her most celebrated and intrigue piece of work, represents a spectrum of symbols that address the general concerns about a woman’s role in the nineteenth century society, particularly within the realms of marriage, maternity and domesticRead MoreEssay On The Yellow Wallpaper916 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† the narrator becomes increasing mad throughout the short story. The narrator has a â€Å"nervous condition† (151) after the birth of her child; under recommendations by her husband and her brother, who are both physicians, her treatment was a Rest Cure which is that narrator cannot nothing anything but lay down and only have two hours of intellectual work a day. The â€Å"dreadful† yellow wallpaper that the narrator comes to hate is, of course, a symbol in the story. The yellow wallpaperRead MoreInternal And External Captivity By Langston Hughes1739 Words   |  7 Pagesconflict between freedom and confineme nt (something that is in constant tandem), it can serve as an interesting theme within a text. In Langston Hughes’ â€Å"The Negro Speaks of Rivers†, he uses imagery to symbolize the important places on the journey the reader has embarked upon and starts with a basis of freedom from a newborn civilization and goes on to explain the confinement of an ever-changing society who has lost its way. Contrasting with that society, Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†Read MoreCompare and Contrast the Garden Party and the Yellow Wallpaper1236 Words   |  5 PagesParty† and Charlotte Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† are both centralized on the feministic views of women coming out to the world. Aside from the many differences within the two short stories, there are also similarities contained in Chopin’s. Both Party and Wallpaper are what we today might categorize feminist works of fiction. Both reveal women who are imprisoned, though one is imprisoned more literally than the other. â€Å"The Garden Party† and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† such as the same conceptRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Charlotte Perkins Gilman1700 Words   |  7 Pagesshe wrote a large amount of importance in furthering her ideology with society and reformation at the time. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† uses the symbolism of the story s title, confinement to the room, and the narrator’s husband to reveal different themes about society at the time the book was written along with why Gilman wrote the story as she did. Gilman wrote â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† in 1890, and it was officially published by The New England Magazine in January 1892. During this timeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Yellow Wallpaper 1560 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† provides an insight into the life of the narrator- a woman suppressed and unable to express herself because of her controlling husband- leading the reader down her fall to insanity, allowing for her inner conflict to be clearly expressed. The first person point of the view the author artfully uses and the symbolism present with the wallpaper cleverly depicts the inner conflict of the narrator, losing her own sanity due to the constraints of her current life. However, while

Nutrition Assignment Essay Example For Students

Nutrition Assignment Essay Explain to the athlete the ingredient of their diet. Give details of macro and micro nutrients and supplementation. For an athlete a well balanced diet is essential, they need all types of macro and micro nutrients to help fuel exercise and help repair/restore the body back to pre-exercise state. Macro nutrients are needed in large quantities and come in the form of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Micro nutrients are needed in much smaller quantities like vitamins and minerals. A well balanced diet will normally comprise of 60% carbohydrates, 25% fats and 15% proteins Ref (Physical Education and Sports Studies) but will vary for elite athletes. Carbohydrates are basically sugar and starch and are broken down into glucose molecules, when used as energy carbohydrates become fuel for exercise in the lactic acid and aerobic system when glycotic enzymes enable the breakdown of glucose to produce energy for the re-synthesis of ATP. If it is not used it is converted to glycogen through glycogenisis and stored in the liver and muscles. Carbohydrates come in two categories, simple and complex. Simple carbohydrates come in the form of monosaccharide i.e. glucose and fructose and disaccharides i.e. maltose and sucrose, these are easily digested and passed quickly into the bloodstream; examples of foods are fruit, sugar and sweets. Carbohydrates taken in the form of starch are more beneficial to us than the foods which contain large amounts of simple or refined sugar; this is because the starchy foods contain many more vitamins and minerals compared to sugary foods. Ref (Sport Examined) The other category is complex carbohydrates or polysaccharides found in grains and vegetables. Functions of carbohydrates include protein sparing, fuel for the central nervous system, energy and help to metabolise fat. Proteins are another macro-nutrient and are made up of amino acids and stored in the small intestine. There are essential and non essential amino acids, there are 20 essential amino acids which the body must get from the diet as the body cannot make them itself i.e. valine, leucine and isoleucine which the body can use as fuel if glycogen stores are low. There are 12 non essential amino acids which the body can make from other amino acids. Every function in the living cell depends on proteins; these include energy, actin and myosin for muscle contraction, cell structure, transport, and chemical regulation. Proteins are also receptors for hormones and are contained in enzymes which are the catalysts for all biochemical reactions. An elite athlete proteins requirements can be summarised as 1.2 1.6g of protein for every kg you weigh. Ref (The Complete Guide to Strength Training) Foods rich in protein include fish and red meats. Fats are the other macro nutrient, there are many different types of fats the main types are triglycerides-simple fats which is about 95% of fat found in the body. These include saturated, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats found in foods such as dairy, sunflower oils and vegetable oils. There are also phospholipids compound fats to do with carrying fats to the liver, derived fats which are mainly cholesterol e.g. egg yolks and good for synthesising vitamin D. All fats are broken down into essential fatty acids which must come from the diet as the body cannot produce them itself and glycerol, these then combine with other nutrients to help produce energy. Of all the nutrients water is the most important, it makes up more than 60% of your body weight and is vital to all cells. Ref (The Complete Guide to Strength Training) Conditioned athletes can store and burn energy in a shorter time; so the body releases more heat, requires cooling and so requires more water. As a guideline drink 500 ml of fluid 2 hours before you train, then another 125-250 ml immediately before. Ref- (The Complete Guide to Strength Training) Micro nutrients are vitamins and minerals. Vitamins are organic compounds which help to regulate the many chemical reactions that continuously take place in the body. Ref (Sport Examined) Minerals are the basic elements which are found in the soil and the air, they are essential for life. Ref (Sport Examined) Minute quantities of these are needed; they have to be obtained from the food we eat. .u130267b8ba77950b6d179fa4c02750aa , .u130267b8ba77950b6d179fa4c02750aa .postImageUrl , .u130267b8ba77950b6d179fa4c02750aa .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u130267b8ba77950b6d179fa4c02750aa , .u130267b8ba77950b6d179fa4c02750aa:hover , .u130267b8ba77950b6d179fa4c02750aa:visited , .u130267b8ba77950b6d179fa4c02750aa:active { border:0!important; } .u130267b8ba77950b6d179fa4c02750aa .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u130267b8ba77950b6d179fa4c02750aa { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u130267b8ba77950b6d179fa4c02750aa:active , .u130267b8ba77950b6d179fa4c02750aa:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u130267b8ba77950b6d179fa4c02750aa .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u130267b8ba77950b6d179fa4c02750aa .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u130267b8ba77950b6d179fa4c02750aa .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u130267b8ba77950b6d179fa4c02750aa .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u130267b8ba77950b6d179fa4c02750aa:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u130267b8ba77950b6d179fa4c02750aa .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u130267b8ba77950b6d179fa4c02750aa .u130267b8ba77950b6d179fa4c02750aa-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u130267b8ba77950b6d179fa4c02750aa:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Kung, Shoshone, and Mbuti Tribes: Hunting and Essay There are 12 key vitamins and minerals including vitamin A, B, C, D and E and minerals such as calcium, iron and zinc. Explain how you specifically came to choose the ingredients of their diet and the order they are put in, for example why intake more carbohydrate post exercise than immediately pre-exercise. The ingredients of the programme are .

Management Of Chronic Arthritis Pain In The Elderly †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Management Of Chronic Arthritis Pain In The Elderly. Answer: Introduction The assignment is the annotated bibliography pertaining to the chronic health condition. The aim of the annotated bibliography is to develop the critical analysis and the solution focused skills. The annotated bibliography is based on the critical evaluation of the evidence-based literature. For the purpose of the assignment, a chronic health condition is selected and a clinical practice issue related to chronic care nursing. The assignment deals with the arthritis in the aged-care setting. The issue with the chronic care nursing selected is the pain management. In order to guide the literature review a research question is developed. For annotated bibliography the completed search strategy is detailed. The annotated bibliography consists of summary and critical discussion. The bibliography consists of atleast 5 scholarly sources. It is followed by the synthesis of all the articles reviewed. Chronic health condition A chronic illness is the long term condition that has no complete cure and is associated with several comorbidities. One of the chronic health conditions that will be discussed in the paper is arthritis in the aged care setting. Rheumatoid arthritis, gout and osteoarthritis are the common problem faced by the elderly patients. Arthritis is the chronic disease that attacks women, men and children at any age. It damages the body joints causing intense pain and discomfort. The most commonly affected joints are the Knees, ankles, neck, back, hips, hands, wrists, fingers, ankles and toes (Walker, 2012). This chronic deforming disease and associated pain can render anyone disabled without proper treatment. Patients with this disease live in uncertainty about the unknown consequences in future. Some types of arthritis are difficult to diagnose. The treatment for arthritis usually consists of pain killers, anti-inflammatory disease and anti-rheumatic drugs. Apart from the pharmacological treatment, non-pharmacological treatment includes modification of lifestyle and pain management techniques. Some of the symptoms of the arthritis is so debilitating that the patients lose mobility and joints strength. The patients are thus forced to change the lifestyle to be able to manage the activities of daily living (Jia Jackson, 2016). Issue related to chronic care nursing The common challenge for the nurses caring for arthritis patients is the symptoms management such as pain and flares. On a daily basis in the emergency room it is heartbreaking to see the patents with arthritis. The patients arrive in ER with intense pain or flares. Middle aged men and women are most frequently encountered in the emergency room. Arthritis and ageing are associated with several comorbidities. It includes osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease and malignancies. With the increasing aging population the prevalence of arthritis especially rheumatoid arthritis is estimated to increase (van Onna Boonen, 2016). These factors significantly hamper the management of arthritis. Over the years there is an increasing concern among the nurses failing to handle pain management concerns of the patients with arthritis. On the other hand, the elderly patients too lack the knowledge required to manage the symptoms, which is a challenge for nurses. As per the literature, there is inadequa te treatment of the pain as it tends to be underestimated. In the management of the patient care, the nurses act as mediator between the patients and the physicians. Nurses play a vital role in outpatient pain management. Pain management is centre in health care today given the opioid crisis (Fitzcharles, Lussier Shir, 2010). There is a lack of knowledge on factors acting as barriers for nurses to implement effective pain management strategies. The rationale for the chosen nursing issue is the experience observed from one of the relative suffering from the arthritis and dissatisfied with the pain management strategies. Patients satisfaction with pain control is known to be associated with the key contributions of the nurses. Thus, it is necessary to identify and understand the barriers of the nurses to manage pain symptoms of the arthritis patients. Search strategy: Research question The research question to guide the literature review as a part of the evidence based medicine, which involves developing a question based on the issues identified with the disease or the patient. Using the research question, evidence will be identified. The research question for the annotated bibliography is- What are the educational needs and barriers of the nurses caring for the patients with arthritis (gout, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis)? 2. The key topics expressed in the research question are the nursing education needs in caring for arthritis patients. The topic also expressed is the challenges faced/perceived by the nurses in caring for the arthritis patients. 3. Search terms The search terms used for extracting the research papers for annotated bibliography and narrowing the research are- Arthritis care, rheumatoid arthritis care, gout management, osteoarthritis, nursing care, arthritis nursing care, pain management arthritis, nursing educational needs for arthritis, nursing barriers for arthritis treatment, provider barriers in gout management, and patient and provider educational needs in osteoarthritis. For effective research the Boolean operators AND, OR and both were used. Databases used To find the best available literature the electronic databases searched were MEDLINE, Cochrane library, and Google scholar. The Cochrane and MEDLINE database are chosen as it is regularly updated. The hierarchy used for searching is the prospective cohort studies and then moving down to the case reports (Rollyson, 2016). The search was restricted to articles published in English language and between 2015-2018. 5. Database searched with keywords and phrases. A total of 110 articles obtained The articles were scanned for titles, and abstracts to determine the relevancy. It will help eliminate the irrelevant articles. For further elimination the full text articles are scanned to determine the relevancy. 6. The first 20-30 articles were related to dementia, knee arthoplasty, aged care setting and the challenges faced by the nurses in these areas. In addition there were some more papers on the recommendations for the arthritis management and patients barriers in arthritis management. There were a total of 67 articles and not many were relevant. Therefore, the search was refined by modifying the search terms. 7. For researching the databases the search terms used were: rheumatoid arthritis AND provider barriers, osteoarthritis AND nursing barriers, gout AND provider barriers, nurses training needs AND arthritis management, nurses educational needs AND caring arthritis, nurses educational needs AND rheumatoid arthritis OR osteoarthritis. These key terms further helped to narrow down the research. The search generated 33 relevant articles 8. The same databases were again used for extracting the research papers using the modified search terms. The inclusion criteria were research paper published between 2012-2018. The patients must be suffering from arthritis and includes nurses and the patients as the research participants. The study conducted in Australia as well as in other country is considered for broad perspective. The exclusion criteria were review papers, reflection reports and case reports. This further narrowed the search. Using these criterion 12 articles were excluded. The search then generated 21 articles and after scanning through titles, abstracts, and full text 16 articles were excluded. Finally five articles were selected for annotated bibliography considering it to be most appropriate. Annotated The study explored the patient and providers perception of the illness, which is gout. The study used qualitative research paradigm. Upon conducting the semi structured face-to-face interview with the patients and the nurses, it was found that the nurses had lack of knowledge about the nature of gout and its recommended management. The nurses failed to utilise the clinical guidelines for gout. The nurses were found to give only suboptimal information. It was due to lack of training and education of gout related best practice. Another barrier for nurses was lack of incentives to improve treatment and symptoms management. Based on the interview the patients too had misconceptions concerning the nature of gout. However, the findings of the study limit generalisability due to caveats and there is small sample size (Green et al., 2015). The strength of the paper is its implications with improving the standards of care and education needs in this condition. The overall text is well organis ed and the research objective is fulfilled. The cross-sectional survey intended to identify the educational needs of nurses caring for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The nurses respondents were found with less confidence in their skills and knowledge when caring for osteoarthritis patients. The method of investigation was appropriate considering the research objective. The nurses were incompetent in pain medication for the patients, advising patients on exercises and unsure about the symptoms management when caring for the rheumatoid arthritis patient. The study implies for future training that must contain key components like medication and joint protection. The study is based on adequate background research and the arguments are well supported with the relevant sources. The results are well explained with graphical illustrations and text is well organised. The survey however, had limitations like small sample size and the recruitment resembles that the professionals were already acquainted with the nurses. The char acteristics of the non respondents were not known thus, there must be bias in the interpretations of the results (Little Rubin, 2014). The nurses perceiving that they do not have the adequate knowledge and skills may not be related to the actual skills and knowledge. There is a need of objective assessment. The study described the kind of education needed by the nurses caring for patients of rheumatoid arthritis. The author conducted survey and analysed using the thematic and summative content analysis. It was found from the survey that the nurses demanded to strengthen their knowledge in medically reacted care. There was lack of knowledge among nurses about the medicine-based information about rheumatoid arthritis. Lack of continual and update education was perceived as a barrier by the nurses. Rheumatoid arthritis has considerable impact on the patients life and nurses need ever widening areas of knowledge (Walker, 2012). Only then nurses can provide the patients with suboptimal information. The overall study is well organised with supporting literature. The research objective was clearly defined; the methodology and the results were presented in easily understandable format. Owing to the difficulty in performing the summative content, the reliability of the paper may be doubted (Gree n et al., 2015). There are different natures of the expressions provided by the nurses and there may be difference in the exact amount of simplifications. The strength of the paper is the consistency in results with other sources. The study explored the nurses involvement in educating patient with rheumatoid arthritis. According to author, the important part of the nurses role is to provide the patient education in rheumatoid arthritis. Based on the qualitative study the nurses perceived educating the non-adherent patients as challenge. It was easy to educate the patients who were committed to their health. The non-adherent patients have different perception of the disease and acceptance, motivation and autonomy. As per the semi structured interview the nurses would be benefitted with more training on dealing with the non-adherent patients. The interview was not enough to understand the experiences faced by the nurses. As the interview is conducted only in one hospital the transferability is doubted. However, the study is helpful in addressing the research question. The results have an important implication which is strong involvement of nurses in patient education in rheumatoid arthritis. The results are valu able as it implies about nurses training to deal with non-adherent patients. Unlike other studies this study has opened a new ways of seeing a problem from the eye of non-adherent patients. The conclusion thus satisfies my own investigation. The method of investigation was appropriate considering it an exploratory study and it very well addresses the research objective. The study conducted cross-sectional descriptive correlational study to examine factors in gout patient affecting the adherence to urate-lowering therapy. The study results imply for nurses to learn skills to educate patients on mechanism of urate-lowering therapy and help them adhere to medication. It implies for the nurses to take lead in educating the gout suffering patients to help them adhere to the management. The results implies for nurses to learn skills to modify patients beliefs about medication. The study did well contribute to the limited research on gout patients issue with medication errors. The methodology of investigation is well justified as per research objectives. It implies for nurses the need to develop skills to explore the patients opinions and concerns about gout and ULT. Only with the help of proper training of nurses will be able to develop appropriate interventions. The limitations of the study include potential response bias, due to participants misinterpre tations of the questionnaire. Overall the study contributes well to the personal research question. Synthesis Based on the literature review the nurse barriers to care for arthritis patients are lack of knowledge, inability to provide optimal information to the patient on managing gout, rheumatoid or osteoarthritis, lack of skills among nurses in educating the non-adherent patients, insufficient medical information about the arthritis pain management, lack of incentives for nurses to manage the arthritis symptoms and patients confusion about the nature of the arthritis. These barriers also imply the training and educational needs of the nurses. Upon synthesising the relevant data, the educational needs of the nurses caring for the arthritis patients is a matter of serious concern. The training and educational programmes can address the knowledge gaps of the nurses, enhance the communication with clinicians and improve relationship with patients. The results aligns with the study of Edgerton et al. (2017), according to which adequate training and education will bring behaviour change among nu rses that in turn will increase patients adherence to arthritis management. It will also help nurses to engage in effective communication with patients. Having adequate education among nurses on arthritis management will allow nurses to manage the dissonant patient expectations and provide care that is consistent with the clinical practice guidelines. The results are appropriate and are also confirmed by study of Larsson et al. (2010). According to this study the when the nurses educate the patient about drugs; it gave the patients power, autonomy and security. Thus, it can be concluded that nurses must be well trained about the arthritis symptoms management and educated about skills to address the patients concerns. References Chua, X. H. J., Lim, S., Lim, F. P., Lim, Y. N. A., He, H. G., Teng, G. G. (2017). Factors influencing medication adherence in patients with gout: A descriptive correlational study.Journal of clinical nursing. DOI:10.1111/jocn.13918 Egerton, T., Diamond, L. E., Buchbinder, R., Bennell, K. L., Slade, S. C. (2017). A systematic review and evidence synthesis of qualitative studies to identify primary care clinicians' barriers and enablers to the management of osteoarthritis.Osteoarthritis and cartilage,25(5), 625-638. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2016.12.002 Fall, E., Chakroun, N., Dalle, N., Izaute, M. (2013). Is patient education helpful in providing care for patients with rheumatoid arthritis? A qualitative study involving French nurses.Nursing health sciences,15(3), 346-352. DOI:10.1111/nhs.12042 Fitzcharles, M. A., Lussier, D., Shir, Y. (2010). Management of chronic arthritis pain in the elderly.Drugs aging,27(6), 471-490. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/11536530-000000000-00000 Green, C. A., Duan, N., Gibbons, R. D., Hoagwood, K. E., Palinkas, L. A., Wisdom, J. P. (2015). Approaches to mixed methods dissemination and implementation research: methods, strengths, caveats, and opportunities.Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research,42(5), 508-523. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-014-0552-6 Jia, X., Jackson, T. (2016). Pain beliefs and problems in functioning among people with arthritis: a meta-analytic review.Journal of behavioral medicine,39(5), 735-756. DOI: 10.1007/s10865-016-9777-z Larsson, I., Arvidsson, S., Bergman, S., Arvidsson, B. (2010). Patients' perceptions of drug information given by a rheumatology nurse: a phenomenographic study.Musculoskeletal care,8(1), 36-45. DOI:10.1002/msc.16 Lillie, K., Ryan, S., Adams, J. (2013). The Educational Needs of Nurses and Allied Healthcare Professionals Caring for People with Arthritis: Results from a Cross?Sectional Survey.Musculoskeletal care,11(2), 93-98. DOI:10.1002/msc.1035 Little, R. J., Rubin, D. B. (2014).Statistical analysis with missing data(Vol. 333). John Wiley Sons. Retrieved from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=AyVeBAAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PT8dq=characteristics+of+the+non+respondents+were+not+known+thus,+there+must+be+bias+in+the+interpretations+of+the+results+ots=uyRU7GqVfzsig=z37i7gGdThpwe_P5cmtx4Pyz9Cs#v=onepageqf=false Rollyson, C. (2016).Biography: an annotated bibliography. Open Road Media. Retrieved from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=HbFgDAAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PT4dq=annotated+bibliography+of+the+literatureots=7NRgrZErtssig=Peo-fwl8akEHVAUinBqUhB72UB8#v=onepageq=annotated%20bibliography%20of%20the%20literaturef=false Romppanen, T., Rantanen, A., Kuokkanen, L., Roine-Mentula, K., Vuorinen, R., Suominen, T. (2015). The educational needs of nursing staff taking care of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Journal of Nursing Education and Practice,5(8), 44. DOI:https://doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v5n8p44 Spencer, K., Carr, A., Doherty, M. (2012). Patient and provider barriers to effective management of gout in general practice: a qualitative study.Annals of the rheumatic diseases,71(9), 1490-1495. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200801 Van Onna, M., Boonen, A. (2016). The challenging interplay between rheumatoid arthritis, ageing and comorbidities.BMC musculoskeletal disorders,17(1), 184.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-016-1038-3 Walker, J. (2012). Rheumatoid arthritis: role of the nurse and multidisciplinary team.British journal of nursing,21(6), 334-339. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2012.21.6.334

The Human Heart. Essay Example For Students

The Human Heart. Essay Abstract:Dorlands Illustrated Medical Dictionary defines the heart as the viscus of cardiac muscle that maintains the circulation of the blood. It is divided into four cavities; two atria and two ventricles. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs. From there the blood passes to the left ventricle, which forces it via the aorta, through the arteries to supply the tissues of the body. The right atrium receives the blood after it has passed through the tissues and has given up much of its oxygen. The blood then passes through the right ventricle into the lungs where it gets oxygenated. There are four major valves in the heart; the left atrioventricular valve (also known as the mitral or bicuspid valve), the right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid), aortic valve, and the pulmonary valve. The heart tissue itself is nourished by the blood in the coronary arteries.2Position of the Heart Within the Body:The heart is placed obliquely in the chest. The two atria are directed upwards and backwards to the right and are at the level of the fifth through the eight dorsal vertebrae. The apex of the heart points downwards and forwards to the left and corresponds to the interspace between the fifth and sixth ribs, two inches below the left nipple. Its atrial border corresponds to a line drawn across the sternum on a level with the upper border of the third costal cartilage. Its lower border (apex) corresponds to a line drawn across the lower end of the same bone, near the xiphoid process. Its upper surface is rounded and convex, directed upwards and forwards, and formed mainly by the right ventricle and part of the left ventricle. The posterior surface of the heart is flattened and rests upon the diaphragm muscle. Of its two borders, the right is the longest and thinnest, the left is shorter but thicker and round. We will write a custom essay on The Human Heart. specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Size:In an adult, the heart measures about five inches in length, three and a half inches in the broadest part of its transverse diameter, and two and a half inches in its antero-posterior. The average weight in the male varies from ten to twelve ounces. In the female, the average weight is eight to ten ounces. The heart will continue to grow in size up to an advanced period of life. This growth is more obvious in men than in women.3Circulation of Blood in an Adult:The heart is subdivided by a longitudinal muscular septum into two lateral halves which are named right and left according to their position. A transverse muscle divides each half into two cavities. The upper cavity on each side is called the atria/auricle, and the lower side is called the ventricle. The right atrium and ventricle form the venous side of the heart. Dark venous blood is pumped into the right atrium from the entire body by the superior (SVC) and inferior vena cava (SVC), and the coronary sinus. From the righ t atrium, the blood passes into the right ventricle and from the right ventricle, through the pulmonary artery into the lungs.3 Once the blood becomes oxygenated/arterialized by its passage through the lungs, it is returned to the left side of the heart by the pulmonary veins which open into the left atrium. From the left atrium, the blood passes into the left ventricle where it is distributed by the aorta and its subdivisions through the entire body. Morphology of Each Heart Chamber:The right atrium is a little longer than the left. Its walls are also somewhat thinner than the left. The right atrium is capable of containing about two ounces of fluid. It consists of two parts, a principle cavity/sinus, and an appendix auriculae. The sinus is a large quadrilateral-shaped cavity located between the IVC and the SVC. Its walls are extremely thin and are connected on the lower surface with the right ventricle and internally with the left atrium. The rest of the right atrium is free and unattached. The appendix auricle is a small conical muscular pouch. It projects from the sinus forwards and to the left side, where it overlaps the root of the pulmonary artery.6 There are four main openings into the right atrium; the SVC, IVC, coronary sinus, and the atriculo-ventricular opening. The larger IVC returns blood from the lower half of the body and opens into the lowest part of the right atrium, near the septum. The smaller SVC returns blood from the upper half of the body and opens into the upper and front part of the right atrium. The coronary sinus opens into the right atrium between the IVC and auriculo-ventricular opening. It returns blood from the cardiac muscle of the heart and is protected by a semicircular fold of the lining membrane of the atrium, called the coronary valve. The auriculo-ventricular opening is the large oval aperture of communication between the right atrium and ventricle. There are two main valves located within the right atrium; the Eustachian valve and the coronary valve.3 The Eustachian valve is located between the anterior margin of the IVC and the auricule-ventricular orifice. It is semilunar in form. The coronary valve is a semicircular fold of the lining membrane of the right atrium, protecting the orifice of the coronary sinus. The right ventricle is triangular-shaped and extends from the right atrium to near the apex. Its anterior surface is rounded and convex and forms the larger part of the front of the heart. Its posterior surface is flattened, rests on the diaphragm muscle, and forms only a small part of this surface. Its inner wall is formed by the partition between the two ventricles, the septum, and bulges into the cavity of the right ventricle. Superiorly, the ventricle forms a conical structure called the infundibulum from which the pulmonary artery arises. The walls of the right ventricle are thinner than those of the left ventricle. The thickest part of the wall is at the base and it gradually becomes thinner towards the apex. The cavity can contain up to two ounces of fluid. There are two openings in the right ventricle; the auriculo-ventricular opening and the opening of the pulmonary artery. The auriculo-ventricular opening is the large oval opening between the right atrium and the right vent ricle. The opening is about an inch in diameter. It is surrounded by a fibrous ring, covered by the lining membrane of the heart (endocardium), and is larger than the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle. It is protected by the tricuspid valve. The opening of the pulmonary artery is round and is situated at the top of the conus arteriosus, close to the septum. It is on the left side and is in front of the auriculo-ventricular opening. It is protected by the semilunar valves.3 There are two main valves associated with the right ventricle; the tricuspid valve and the semilunar valves. The tricuspid valve consists of three segments of a triangular shape, formed by the lining membrane of the heart (endocardium). They are strengthened by a layer of fibrous tissue and muscular fibers.1 These segments are connected by their bases to the auriculo-ventricular orifice, and by their sides with one another, so as to form a continuous membrane which is attached around the margi n of the auriculo-ventricular opening. Their free margin and ventricular surfaces are attached to many delicate tendinous cords called chordae tendinae. The central part of each valve segment is thick and strong while the lateral margins are thin and indented. The chordae tendinae are connected with the adjacent margins of the main segment of the valves. The semilunar valves guard the opening of the pulmonary artery. They consist of three semicircular folds formed by the endothelial lining of the heart and are strengthened by fibrous tissue. They are attached by their convex margins to the wall of the artery at its junction with the ventricle. The straight borders of the valve are unattached and are directed upwards in the course of the vessel, against the sides of which they are pressed during the passage of blood along its canal. The free margin of each valve is somewhat thicker than the rest of the valve and is strengthened by a bundle of tendinous fibers. During the passage of b lood along the pulmonary artery, these valves are pressed against the sides of its cylinder. During ventricular diastole (rest), when the current of blood along the pulmonary artery is checked and partly thrown back by its elastic walls, these valves become immediately expanded and close the entrance of the tube. 3The left atrium is smaller but thicker than the right atrium. It consists of two parts; a principle cavity/sinus and an appendix auriculae. The sinus is cuboidal in form and is covered in the front by the pulmonary artery and the aorta. Internally, it is separated from the right atrium by the septum auricularum. Behind the sinus on each side, it receives the pulmonary veins. The appendix auriculae in the left atrium is narrower and more curved than the same structure in the right atrium. Its margins are more deeply indented, presenting a kind of foliated appearance. Its direction is forwards towards the right side, overlapping the root of the pulmonary artery. There are tw o main openings in the left atrium; the openings of the four pulmonary veins and the atrial-ventricular opening. Two of the four pulmonary veins open into the right side of the atrium and two open into the left side. The two veins on the left exit into the atrium through a common opening. None of the pulmonary veins have valves. The atrial-ventricular opening is the large oval opening of blood flow between the atrium and the ventricle. It is smaller than the same opening between the right atrium and ventricle.3The left ventricle is longer and more conical shaped than the right ventricle. It forms a small part of the left side of the anterior surface of the heart and a large portion of the posterior surface. It also forms the apex of the heart because it extends beyond the right ventricle. Its walls are nearly twice as thick as those of the right ventricle. They are thickest in the broadest part of the ventricle, becoming gradually thinner towards the base and also towards the apex, which is the thinnest part of the left ventricle. .u1c58daf3369242fdbe0d1dd19aa09e7e , .u1c58daf3369242fdbe0d1dd19aa09e7e .postImageUrl , .u1c58daf3369242fdbe0d1dd19aa09e7e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1c58daf3369242fdbe0d1dd19aa09e7e , .u1c58daf3369242fdbe0d1dd19aa09e7e:hover , .u1c58daf3369242fdbe0d1dd19aa09e7e:visited , .u1c58daf3369242fdbe0d1dd19aa09e7e:active { border:0!important; } .u1c58daf3369242fdbe0d1dd19aa09e7e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1c58daf3369242fdbe0d1dd19aa09e7e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1c58daf3369242fdbe0d1dd19aa09e7e:active , .u1c58daf3369242fdbe0d1dd19aa09e7e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1c58daf3369242fdbe0d1dd19aa09e7e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1c58daf3369242fdbe0d1dd19aa09e7e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1c58daf3369242fdbe0d1dd19aa09e7e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1c58daf3369242fdbe0d1dd19aa09e7e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1c58daf3369242fdbe0d1dd19aa09e7e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1c58daf3369242fdbe0d1dd19aa09e7e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1c58daf3369242fdbe0d1dd19aa09e7e .u1c58daf3369242fdbe0d1dd19aa09e7e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1c58daf3369242fdbe0d1dd19aa09e7e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Roddy Doyle's Paddy Clark: No More Laughing for Pa EssayThere are two main openings in the left ventricle; the atrial-ventricular opening and the aortic opening. The atrial-ventricular opening is located behind and to the left side of the aortic opening. The opening is a little smaller than the same opening between the right atrium and ventricle. Its position corresponds to the center of the sternum. It is surrounded by a dense fibrous ring and is covered by the lining membrane of the heart and is protected by the mitral valve. The circular aortic opening is located in front of and to the right side of the atrial-ventricular opening from which it is separated by one of the segments of the mitral valve. The opening is protected by the semilunar valves. There are two valves located within the left ventricle; the mitral valve and the semilunar valve. The mitral valve is attached to the circumference of the atrial-ventricular opening in the same way that the tricuspid valve is attached on the opposite side of the heart. The valve contains a few muscular fibers, is strengthened by fibrous tissue, and is formed by the lining of the heart (endocardium). It is larger, thicker, and stronger than the tricuspid, and consists of two segments of unequal size. The mitral valves are connected to many chordae tendonae. Their attachment is the same as on the right side except they are thicker, stronger, and less numerous. The semilunar valves surround the aortic opening. They are similar in structure and mode of attachment to those of the pulmonary artery. However, they are larger, thicker, and stronger than those of the right side. Between each valve and the cylinde r of the aorta is a deep depression called the sinuses of Valsalva. The depressions are larger than those at the root of the pulmonary artery.3Figure 1: a. Cross sectional view of the heart. b. Top view of the heart showing the four valvesHistology of the Layers of the Heart:The heart and its vessels are surrounded by a conical membranous sac called the pericardium. The pericardial sac is composed of two layers; the parietal pericardium and the visceral pericardium with the space in-between the two being called the pericardial cavity. The parietal pericardium is composed primarily of compact fibrocollagenous tissue along with elastic tissue. It is a fibrous membrane of loose irregular connective tissue that is lined internally by a mesothelium which is essentially simple squamous epithelium. The visceral pericardium forms the internal lining of the pericardium and reflects over the outer surface of the heart. This reflection forms the outer layer of the epicardium. The visceral peri cardium is also composed of compact fibrocollagenous tissue with elastic tissue but, is smooth mesothelium. The pericardial cavity is located between the parietal and visceral pericardium and contains small amounts of serous fluid. The heart tissue itself can be subdivided into three layers; (from the outside in) epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. The epicardium is the outermost layer of the heart and consists of a loose connective tissue of fibroblasts, collagen fibers, and adipose tissue. It contains a stroma which houses coronary arteries and veins that are surrounded by a layer of fat. These coronary branches penetrate the myocardium. The myocardium contains the main muscle mass of the heart and is composed primarily of striated muscle cells. Each of the cardiac muscle cells contain one central elongated nucleus with some central euchromatin and some peripheral heterochromatin. The two atria have a very thin myocardial layer which increases greatly in thickness as you go from the atria to the right ventricle and into the left ventricle. The outer surface of the myocardium, next to the epicardium, is not composed of smooth muscle but is very smooth in texture. The inner surface of the myocardium is rou gh and is raised into trabeculations. The ventricular papillary muscles, which are for the attachment of the chordae tendinae, are extensions of the myocardium even though they are covered by endocardium. The outer layer of the myocardium is superficial bulbospiral and swirls around the ventricle in a clockwise fashion. The middle layer is circular muscles that are the ventricular constrictors. The inner layer, which is deep bulbospiral, swirls around the ventricle in a counterclockwise fashion. The layer underneath the myocardium is known as the enodcardium. It contains a continuous smooth endothelial layer that covers all the inner surfaces of the heart, including the valves. The outer layer of the endocardium, underneath the myocardium, is irregularly arranged collagenous fibers that may contain Purkinje fibers/cells. The inner part of the endocardium contains more regularly arranged collagen and elastic fibers than the outer layer. Some myofibroblasts are present in the endocard ium which is thicker in the atria than in the ventricles. There is a subendothelial component of the endocardium underneath the endothelium. The component contains fibroblasts, scattered smooth muscle cells, elastic fibers, collagen fibers, and an amorphous ground substance that contains glycoproteins and proteoglycans. .uc9ab2210e16d7ca5dc67cb0834e79d08 , .uc9ab2210e16d7ca5dc67cb0834e79d08 .postImageUrl , .uc9ab2210e16d7ca5dc67cb0834e79d08 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc9ab2210e16d7ca5dc67cb0834e79d08 , .uc9ab2210e16d7ca5dc67cb0834e79d08:hover , .uc9ab2210e16d7ca5dc67cb0834e79d08:visited , .uc9ab2210e16d7ca5dc67cb0834e79d08:active { border:0!important; } .uc9ab2210e16d7ca5dc67cb0834e79d08 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc9ab2210e16d7ca5dc67cb0834e79d08 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc9ab2210e16d7ca5dc67cb0834e79d08:active , .uc9ab2210e16d7ca5dc67cb0834e79d08:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc9ab2210e16d7ca5dc67cb0834e79d08 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc9ab2210e16d7ca5dc67cb0834e79d08 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc9ab2210e16d7ca5dc67cb0834e79d08 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc9ab2210e16d7ca5dc67cb0834e79d08 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc9ab2210e16d7ca5dc67cb0834e79d08:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc9ab2210e16d7ca5dc67cb0834e79d08 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc9ab2210e16d7ca5dc67cb0834e79d08 .uc9ab2210e16d7ca5dc67cb0834e79d08-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc9ab2210e16d7ca5dc67cb0834e79d08:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Great Gatsby - The American Dream EssayThe valves of the heart are attached to the cardiac skeleton and consist of chondroid (a material resembling cartilage). The base of each valve is supported by a fibrocollagenous ring. Each valve also has a dense fibrocollagenous central plate that is covered by simple squamous epithelium. Chordae tendonae connect with the valves at the edge of each cusp as well as underneath each cusp at one end and they attach to papillary muscles in the ventricles at the other end. Endocardial endothelium completely covers the papillary muscles, valves, and the chordae tendonae. The junctions between the cusps of each valve are known as commiss ures. The conducting system of the heart consists of four main components; the sinuatrial node (SA), the atrioventricular node (AV), the bundle of his, and the Purkinje fibers/cells. All the parts of this conducting system are composed of modified cardiac muscle cells. The SA node is located in the right atrium, at the point where the superior vena cava enters. The small muscle fibers of the SA node contain a central nodal artery and desmosomes. The muscle fibers do not contain intercalated discs. The AV node is located in the medial wall, in front of the opening of the coronary sinus and above the tricuspid ring. Its small muscle fibers are more regularly arranged than those of the SA node. The AV node contains a rich nerve and blood supply. The bundle of his has a right (single bundle) and a left (branched bundle) bundle branch located underneath the endocardium. It is histologically similar to the other components of the conducting system. The Purkinje fibers/cells can be found in clust ers of about six cells which are located under the endocardium in the ventricles. The cytoplasm of Purkinje fibers appears pale under the microscope and contains many glycogen granules.7 Physiology of the Heart:The principle function of the heart and circulatory system is to provide oxygen and nutrients and to remove metabolic waste products from tissues and organs of the body. The heart is the pump that provides the energy necessary for transporting the blood through the circulatory system in order to facilitate the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other metabolites through the thin-walled capillaries. The contraction of the heart produces changes in pressures and flows in the heart chambers and blood vessels. The mechanical events of the cardiac cycle can be divided into four periods; late diastole, atrial systole, ventricular systole, and early diastole.6 In late diastole, the mitral and tricuspid valves are open and the pulmonary and aortic valves are closed. Blood flows into the heart throughout diastole thus filling the atria and ventricles. The rate of filling declines as the ventricles become distended, and the cusps of the atrioventricular valves start to close. The pressure in the ventricles remains low throughout late diastole.8 In atrial systole, contraction of the atria forces additional blood into the ventricles, but approximately 70 percent of the ventricular filling occurs passively during diastole. Contraction of the atrial muscle that surrounds the openings of the superior and inferior vena cava and pulmonary veins, narrows their orifices and the inertia of the blood moving towards the heart tends to keep blood in the heart. However, there is some regurgitation of blood into the veins during atrial systole.2;5 At the start of ventricular systole, the AV valves close. The muscles of the ventricles initially contract relatively little, but intraventricular pressure rises sharply as the muscles squeezes the blood in the ventricle. This pe riod of isovolumetric ventricular contraction lasts about 0.05 seconds until the pressures in the ventricles exceed the pressure in the aorta and in the pulmonary artery, and the aortic and pulmonary valves (semilunar valves) open. During this isovolumetric contraction, the AV valves bulge into the atria, causing a small but sharp rise in atrial pressure. When the semilunar valves open, the phase of ventricular ejection begins. Ejection is initially rapid, but slows down as systole progresses. The intraventricular pressure rises to a maximum and then declines somewhat before ventricular systole ends. Late in systole, the aortic pressure is actually higher than the ventricular pressure, but for a short period, momentum keeps the blood moving forward. The AV valves are pulled down by the contractions of the ventricular muscle, and the atrial pressure drops.5 In early diastole, after the ventricular muscle if fully contracted, the already falling ventricular pressure drops even more ra pidly. This is the period known as protodiastole and it lasts about 0.04 seconds. It ends when the momentum of the ejected blood is overcome and the semilunar valves close. After the valves are closed, pressure continues to drop rapidly during the period of isovolumetric relaxation. Isovolumetric relaxation ends when the ventricular pressure falls below the atrial pressure and the AV valves open, thus allowing the ventricles to fill. Again, filling is rapid at first, then slows as the next cardiac contraction approaches. Atrial pressure continues to rise after the end of ventricular systole until the AV valves open, upon which time it drops and slowly rises again until the next atrial systole.6,2,;4Summary:The heart is arguably the most vital organ the human body possesses. Without the heart, none of the tissues in the body would receive the vital oxygen necessary for them to maintain survival. Heart disease is the number one killer of people in America today. Due to this disturbing fact, it is no wonder such a large percentage of the fellowships granted by the National Institutes of Health go towards heart related illnesses.